First, at the early stages of AD, astrocytes in entorhinal cortex (EC), pre-frontal cortex and hippocampus exhibited features of atrophy and degeneration, reduction in the morphological complexity, surface area and volume of GFAP-positive profiles, which was observed in 3xTg-AD, as well as in another model of AD, the PDAPP-J20 trans-genic mice (Beauquis et al., 2013, 2014). Here, GFAP is linked to Alzheimer disease.