Whereas ALL rapidly expanded in control mice (Fig. 1d), there were delayed appearance and accumulation of blasts in the blood, and reduced infiltration in the BM and spleen of IFN mice (blood: ****p < 0.0001, nonparametric rank-based method for longitudinal data in factorial experiments; spleen and BM: *p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 respectively, Mann–Whitney). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.