IRF1 and neoplasm: Wound healing and Matrigel assays revealed that IRF-1 and XAF1 strongly suppresses TNF-induced tumor cell migration and invasion and this effect is abrogated by depletion of XAF1 and IRF-1, respectively, indicating TNF-driven tumor malignancy is impaired by the IRF-1−XAF1 interplay (Fig. 5a, b and Supplementary Figure 5a, b).