To confirm the overall functional phenotype of the TAM and validate the flow cytometry data, we also measured the expression levels of ARG1 and iNOS in the Iba1(+) TAM in the three groups by performing IHC on GBM sections (parallel to the dispersed cells used in flow cytometry analysis, see methods) (Additional file 7: Figure S7). Here, AIF1 is linked to glioblastoma.