A review in 2014 by Fasshauer et al. [32] provided an overview of various adipokines in GDM, and suggested adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) are more likely than chemerin and other adipokines to play roles in the pathogenic mechanism of GDM based on previous reports. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and gestational diabetes.