TNF and Abdominal obesity: Abdominal obesity appears to precede the appearance of the other MetS components [5], where an expansion of adipose tissue due to adipocyte hypertrophy leads to an inflammatory response in the fat tissue due to the infiltration of macrophages and other immune cells that release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [3,6].