It is noteworthy that both β-ctn and p53 are directly involved in EMT: β-ctn/TCF4 complex induces EMT through transcription activation of ZEB1 (32), whereas p53 regulates the transcription of genes that are involved in pathways that suppress tumor metastasis, and mutations of p53 can precede metastasis (33). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.