CASC2 and renal cell carcinoma: Among these lncRNAs, several known lncRNAs, such as GAS5, CASC2, TCL6, MALAT-1, UCA1 and HOTAIR, have been found to be related to RCC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis, and they are important regulators in RCC occurrence and progression (Cao et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Hong et al., 2017; Li et al., 2016a; Li et al., 2016b; Qiao et al., 2013; Su et al., 2017).