At the site of infection, IL-1β and IL-17 triggers the recruitment of immune cells, and microbial responses (such as ROS and NO production) that are detrimental to the Leishmania. The results shown here could be used for designing new strategies against Leishmaniasis using therapeutic approaches activating P2Y and P2X7 receptors. This evidence concerns the gene P2RX7 and leishmaniasis.