This included up-regulation of genes previously associated with heart failure including genes for the natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) (Houweling et al., 2005), phosphodiesterase 5A (Pde5a) (Zhang and Kass, 2011), and fibrinogen (Fgb) (Stec et al., 2000). Here, PDE5A is linked to heart failure.