MAOA and congenital rubella syndrome: The effects of VBLW were possibly mediated by the biosynthesis of serotonin, the normalization of SERT and MAO-A, increased monoamine neurotransmitters and ERK/Akt phosphorylation, and prevention of HPA axis dysfunction, which may be the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of VBLW on the CRS-exposed mice (Figure 9).