When the analysis was restricted to high income countries, for all-cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia, although the RRs altered, the difference failed to reach significance (RR = 0.852, 95% CI; 0.644–1.128 for ACP and RR = 0.540, 95% CI; 0.178–1.641 for PP). This evidence concerns the gene NDUFAB1 and pneumococcal pneumonia.