AR and prostate carcinoma: To address if STAT3 could act as a hub protein involved in the signaling pathways and cellular responses triggered by β-HCH and to verify if the adverse effects of β-HCH can be attributed to the activation of non-genomic pathways that cross-talk with other signaling cascades, time-course assays were first performed, exposing to β-HCH the following cell lines: human breast cancer (MDA-MB468) (EGFR+), human hepatoma (HepG2) (JAK2+), human prostate cancer (LNCaP) (AR+), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) (Her2+).