For inhibiting PERK mediated UPR response, RAW 267.4 macrophages were pre-treated with GSK2606414, a specific inhibitor of PERK phosphorylation [36, 37, 38, 39, 40]; followed by washing before any infection or exposure as it is also effective against Leishmania PERK [26]. The gene discussed is EIF2AK3; the disease is infection.