CHEK2 and prostate carcinoma: HOXB13 missense mutation G84E accounts for 0.15% to 8% unselected prostate cancer cases and increases the risk up to 20-fold depending on the population [11] The frequency of NBS1 mutations in sporadic prostate cancer cases is estimated to be between 0.15–2% depending on the population and is associated with 3-fold increase in disease risk [12, 8] The causative variant 1100delC in CHEK2 is present in ~0.7% of unselected prostate cancers and is associated with 2-fold increase in risk [13].