CCL2 and hydrops fetalis: However, the mRNA level of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) were reduced in the eWAT pads of R-NC mice compared to the fat pads of OBESE mice (P 0.042 for for TNF-α and P 0.0318 for MCP-1 for OBESE vs. R-NC), these genes were not downregulated in eWAT of R-HF mice, compared to OBESE mice (Fig 3g and 3h).