However, the meta-analysis predates several large-scale vitamin D prospective cohort studies and the three largest of these performed to date involving over 1000 participants each have independently reported an association between vitamin D and melanoma relapse and/or survival.12,15,17 Other reports have suggested a relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and melanoma risk19 as well as disease-specific survival,20,21 although these data are not conclusive. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and melanoma.