In three of the 12 prespecified, but underpowered subgroups, mortality was lower in the intervention group than in the standard-of-care group for CD4 counts less than 100 cells per μL (aRD −7·1%, 95% CI −13·7 to −0·4; p=0.036), severe anaemia (−9·0%, −16·6 to −1·3; p=0·021), and patients with clinically suspected tuberculosis (−5·7%, −10·9 to −0·5; p=0·033); with no difference by site or calendar period. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia.