VEGFA and infection: Clinically, inhibition of VEGF is becoming the preferred choice of treatment for DME.65,66 VEGF has been confirmed as a major cytokine mediating the corneal and retinal NV.67, –69 Therefore, numerous agents have been developed to inhibit VEGF.58,70,71 The current treatment focuses on intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF antibodies.72, –74 Although they have achieved encouraging effects in the treatment of NV and DME, the repetitive injections are associated with high costs, risks of trauma, infection, and other side effects.66,75