We found prevalence rates of 20.3%, 3.1%, 31.9%, and 60.8% for HIV, syphilis, malaria, and anaemia (WHO cut-off Hb <11 g/dL, or 39.2% when using Kenyan guideline cut-offs of <10 g/dL) respectively, consistent with those reported in other studies [33, 39, 40, 54, 55]. Here, GSTM1 is linked to syphilis.