TGFB1 and neoplasm: Based on its ability to directly bind to members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families, fibrinogen has been reported to play a critical role in cell proliferation, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and the hematogenous metastasis of tumor cells [28–30].