CD274 and cancer: The recent demonstration of a direct association between activating EGFR mutations and increased PD-L1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer has shown an interdependence between cancer cell-autonomous (EGFR-dependent cell survival) and non-autonomous (PD-L1-dependent evasion of immune surveillance) mechanisms of tumor survival (Akbay et al., 2013, Murillo et al., 2014).