However, targeting of wild-type receptors in human lung cancer cell lines has little effect on PD-L1 expression (Azuma et al., 2014), suggesting that the link between EGFR and PD-L1 expression is dependent on the kinase activity of the receptor (Akbay et al., 2013, Azuma et al., 2014). Here, EGFR is linked to lung carcinoma.