In particular, the discovery that QM-PDAC tumours are characterised by what is likely to be ESR1 and NTRK1 transcription factor-mediated over-activation of genes associated with the EGFR and TGF-β pathways (Figure 6A), provides a rationale to target these tumours with drugs that either downregulate ESR1 and NTRK1, or inhibit EGFR and TGFBR2 (Supplementary Figure 10) [56, 57]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.