FGF23 and endothelial dysfunction: Numerous additional explanations have been proposed as basis for the prognostic impact of FGF23 on (cardiovascular) mortality, which comprise a contribution of raised FGF23 to endothelial dysfunction (46), stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (47), arterial stiffness (46), vascular calcification (48), inflammation (31), and left-ventricular hypertrophy.