These results point to the contribution of FPS-ZM1 to CSE-induced alveolar epithelial cells damage may help clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, which is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches and FPS-ZM1 hold substantial therapeutic promise to counteract epithelial cell damage in conditions with cigarette smoke extract and activated RAGE-related DAMP signaling. Here, AGER is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.