Collectively, we concluded that TESC-driven c-Src/IGF1Rβ or IGF1Rβ/c-Src activation drives STAT3 to function as a transcription activator of ALDH1, thereby enhancing EMT- and CSC-like properties of NSCLC cells (Fig. 7). The gene discussed is SRC; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.