NR1H4 and diabetes mellitus: Moreover, this dual FXR/TGR5 agonist improved the nephropathy (e.g., proteinuria, podocyte injury, mesangial expansion, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis) in the mouse models with diabetes and obesity [135], and reversed the age-related kidney disease (e.g., proteinuria, podocyte injury, fibronectin accumulation, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression, impairments of mitochondrial biogenesis, and function) in mice [136].