The increased expression of mRNAs for proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α and the rise in plasma IL-1β and adhesion molecules have been observed in experimental models of esophagitis [84], and these alterations in esophageal mucosa were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with melatonin and L-tryptophan [29]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and esophagitis.