VCAM1 and plasma cell myeloma: Both MM cell and TNFα required the presence of p62 in BMSC (23) for their induction of the protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1), which mediates BMSC-MM cell interactions (24), IL6, a pro-inflammatory and myeloma pro-survival factor (25), and RANKL, important for osteoclastogenesis (26, 27).