SHF and Alzheimer disease: To validate biological roles of the five genes identified by our GATES–GWAS and mouse integrated analysis (LBH, ST6GALNAC4, ARSJ, C5orf51, and SHF) in human brain, we examined gene expression level of these genes in the hippocampus of AD patients and control autopsy individuals (sample sizes are 13 and 10, respectively), who were independent of the GWAS subjects.