Quantification of hypertrophied GFAP+ astrocytes, found both in the control and PD samples, (Fig. S3) revealed 29 ± 8/mm2 and 60 ± 3/mm2 respectively (p < 0.02); however in PD not all fields had high numbers of hypertrophied astrocytes (Fig. S3, bottom panel). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Parkinson disease.