Fournier and colleagues reported that activation of TGF-β signaling upregulated PMEPA1, an important negative regulator of the TGF-β pathway, and that interrupting this negative feedback loop by PMEPA1 knockdown drove PCa cells to disseminate to bone marrow, ultimately increasing bone metastases in a mouse PCa model16. Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.