In TLE an increased plexus of PSA-NCAM-positive neurons was reported in layer II of the entorhinal cortex [30] and increased DCX+ cells were noted in the temporal neocortex in epilepsy compared to controls with evidence for some maturation with NeuN expression, yet maintaining a persistent immature phenotype (98% co-expressing PSA-NCAM and 82% Tuj1) [28]. This evidence concerns the gene DCX and epilepsy.