In 2015, the FDA approved an anti-PD-1 blockade agent for the treatment of NSCLC only for patients with expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells >50%, based on the evidence that these patients had a prolonged progression-free survival and OS compared with patients with lower PD-L1 expression [61,62,63,64]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.