CSF2 and pancreatic neoplasm: An alternative to whole‐cell vaccines are peptide‐based vaccines, an example of which is the peptide product of mutated KRAS. The KRAS gene is mutated in over 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, making it a vaccine target that would be broadly applicable for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.27 A phase I/II trial of a mutated RAS peptide vaccine in conjunction with GM‐CSF in patients with resected or advanced pancreatic cancer showed that this treatment strategy elicited an anti‐RAS immune response in 58% of patients.