In this study, we report a medical case of an inflammatory cyst within the submandibular gland, through which evaluating the possible involvement of IL-34 in salivary gland disorders.<h4>Case presentation</h4>A 37-year-old male patient suffered from a sudden swelling in the right submandibular region, started initially small and had gradually increased in size to reach 3-4 cm in 1 week, accompanied by pain and local fever. This evidence concerns the gene IL34 and salivary gland disorder.