STAT3 and prostate cancer: For example, the antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin II regulates VEGF signaling in liver CSCs by upregulating BMI1 and Sox2 through a VEGFR-2/STAT3 pathway [36], while VEGF and VEGF receptor neuropilin-2 signaling involved a BMI1-mediated mechanism in aggressive prostate cancer [37].