Interestingly, in contrast, TNF-β, similar to TNF-α increased the number of CD44 and ALDH1 positive cells in HCT116 and HCT116R cells compared to that in control monolayer cultures (Figure 2A,B), indicating the important role of TNF-β-mediated inflammatory medium to induce malignant potential of human CRC cells by promotion of CSC formation. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.