Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (but not B cells) occur in postmortem brain specimens from PD patients as well as in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD, and evidence from the mouse model indicates that CD4+ T cells determine T cell-mediated dopaminergic cell death [18]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and Parkinson disease.