ISG15 and infection: While our results from studies involving IFNAR blockade provided evidence that IFN-I levels did not contribute to the reduced LCMV minigenome activity or growth in DDX3 deprived cells early after infection, we cannot formally rule out the potential impact of a non-canonical up-regulation of antiviral ISGs (e.g. IFIT1 or ISG15), which can be directly induced in response to IRF-3 and/or IRF-7 activation [40,41].