While the ST1 strain P1/7 and the ST25 strain 89-1591 both induced a variety of cytokines following infection of murine DCs (TNF, IL-6, IL-12p70, and CXCL1), only levels of IL-6 and CXCL1 induced by P1/7 (ST1) were significantly higher than those induced by 89–1591 (ST25) (p < 0.01) (Fig 4). Here, CXCL1 is linked to infection.