Patients with acute rheumatic fever had higher levels of serum antibodies that react with ENO1 and bacterial enolase than did patients with streptococcal pharyngitis or healthy control subjects, suggesting the role of streptococcal enolase as a cross-reactive antigen in post-streptococcal autoimmune diseases [23]. The gene discussed is ENO1; the disease is streptococcal pharyngitis.