The non-induction of PAL1 as compared to ICS1 upon Fusarium infection may be a time factor as the genes targeted by the qRT-PCR primers have been shown to be activated in wheat in response to FHB disease at 30 and 48 or 50 h post-inoculation (Kugler et al., 2013; Xiao et al., 2013) (see Supplemental Results). Here, DNAI1 is linked to fusariosis.