INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is a common metabolic derangement in aged and obese skeletal muscle (Fink et al., 1983; Rowe et al., 1983; Bonadonna et al., 1990; Kohrt et al., 1993; Karakelides et al., 2010), with this insulin resistance being central to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Weyer et al., 1999).