Meanwhile, plenty of studies showed that elevated HMGA2 expression in cancer tissues was associated with poor survival in patients such as lung cancer (Sarhadi et al., 2006), oral squamous cell carcinoma (Miyazawa et al., 2004), ovarian cancer (Shell et al., 2007) and metastatic breast cancer (Langelotz et al., 2003). Here, HMGA2 is linked to lung carcinoma.