TAAR1 and infection: Modulation of neurotransmitter concentrations by METH and cocaine, for example, may act on TAAR1 either directly or indirectly to alter homeostatic immune cell signaling, in effect mimicking a prolonged state of immune activation, or by downstream changes in cellular function such as cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis, for which there is emerging evidence.TAAR1-specific compounds could be efficacious therapeutics for infections and cancers, as well as valuable pharmacological tools for dissecting stimulant-induced changes and damage to immune function.