For example, it might be affected because of the perturbations in the glutamate-glutamine cycle, such as increased extracellular levels of glutamate, loss of astrocytic glutamine synthetase, and changes in glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase, which are frequently encountered in patients with epilepsy (Coulter and Eid, 2012; Eid et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene GLS and epilepsy.