NFE2L2 and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: DMF treatment is advantageous because it enhances the NRF2 antioxidant pathway, but also exerts pleiotropic effects improving proteostasis, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation (Johnson & Johnson, 2015), cellular responses that also contribute to the pathogenesis of adrenoleukodystrophy (Fourcade et al, 2015).