SERPINA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current recommendation documents and guidelines recommend/advise testing AAT levels in target populations, including individuals with COPD regardless of age or ethnicity, unexplained chronic liver disease, necrotising panniculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or unexplained bronchiectasis, and parents, siblings, and children, as well as the extended family of individuals identified with an abnormal gene for AAT.