ICOS and tuberculosis: Anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly enhanced CFP-10 and ESAT6 induced ICOS (p = 0.01 & 0.03), (Fig. 6a, b); IL-23R (p = 0.03 & 0.042), (Fig. 6c, d); expression but decreased FoxP3 expression only in HIV + TB+ patients (p = 0.04) (Fig. 6f) compared to isotype control antibody.